Cứu Thương - part 1, page 2
 
Human Anatomy
The human body is composed of a number of 'systems', each with a specific role in the function of the body as a whole. The function of these individual systems is known as the body's physiology.
It is important that, as a first aid provider, you are aware of the major systems and their functions. A basic knowledge of human anatomy will assist you in your first aid diagnosis, and will provide a firm basis for the care and treatment of a casualty.
Essentially, there are ten (10) anatomical systems, with some more important to the first aid provider than others. This section will address those systems that are important in the management of first aid.
 
The Nervous System
The nervous system is considered in two main parts. The brain and the spinal cord are known as the Central Nervous System. This is the control centre for all functions of the body. The motor and sensory nerves, which involve movement, are known as the Peripheral Nervous System, and these function as directed by the brain. Some peripheral nerves function without conscious thought, and these are known as autonomic nerves. Blinking and breathing are two functions that are attributable to these nerves.
 
The Cardiovascular System
This system involves the heart, blood vessels and blood. The heart is the pump that drives the circulation of the blood around the body. The body's blood vessels are quite complicated, and include arteries, which take the blood from the heart, and veins, which return the blood to the heart. There are smaller blood vessels such as arterioles, venules and capillaries, most of which are located at the body's extremities and usually close to the skin. Blood is the medium that transports oxygen from the respiratory system to the body's cells.
As the heart pumps blood a pulse beat can be felt at various locations in the body, and each pulse beat corresponds to one heartbeat. The heart rate of the average adult at rest is between 60 to 100 beats per minute, depending on age, medical conditions and general fitness. The most accessible pulse points are the radial and carotid arteries.
A working knowledge of the locations of these pulse points is essential for the first aid provider.
 
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